Solar desalination solar desalination is a technique to desalinate water using solar energy. Has published more than 60 scientific papers and coauthored three books in the subject. The goal is to assess the feasibility and profitability of the substitution of fuel energy used for desalination plants with renewable. Applications and thermodynamics offers a practical handbook on the use of renewable technologies to produce freshwater using sustainable methods. An overview of solar thermal desalination technologies i. Solar energy desalination technology by hongfei zheng. Many desalination technologies, particularly distillation technologies, produce very pure water that. Pdf solar energy for water desalination researchgate. Water desalination using renewable energy ieaetsap. Desalination of sea and brackish water is a common technique to alleviate the in. Modular, offgrid desalination technology by rice university in conventional membrane distillation top, hot saltwater is flowed across one side of a porous membrane and cold freshwater is flowed across the other.
With solar irradiation ample in regions that heavily rely on desalination, solar powered desalination provides a sustainable solution to meeting water needs. Renewable energy desalination for small islands water supply for small islands. The design advantages of this device can be summarized according to three major aspects. Direct solar desalination systems combine solar energy collection and. A federally funded research effort to revolutionize water treatment has yielded an offgrid technology that uses energy from sunlight alone to turn salt water into fresh drinking water. Solar energy has achieved full international recognition as a primary source of sustainable energy. A solarpowered desalination unit produces potable water from saline water through direct or indirect methods of desalination powered by sunlight. The solar thermal driven ro desalination unit is a more promising technology, any development in ro technology would be useful for developing ro technology based on solar thermal systems.
Institute of sustainable energy technology, university of nottingham, nottingham ng7. Direct use solar energy to produce distillate directly in the solar collector requires large land areas and has a relatively low productivity indirect combining conventional desalination techniques smallscale production due to its relatively low cost. Fossil fuel rich countries like middle east and arab nations have turned their attention towards solar energy with the aim to provide desalinated water in an sustainable way. Synthetic graphene oxide leaf for solar desalination with. The solar desalination funding program will explore novel technologies that use solarthermal energy to assist in creating freshwater from otherwise unusable waters like seawater, brackish water, and contaminated water. Solar energy desalination technology hongfei zheng auth. Here, we demonstrate an extremely simple and standalone solar.
Water vapor generation through sunlight harvesting and heat localization by carbonbased porous thin film materials holds great promise for sustainable, energyefficient desalination and water treatment. With rapid advances in solar energy technologies both photovoltaic and solar thermal, there has also been growing interest in coupling solar energy with desalination, with a focus on improving. Graphenebased standalone solar energy converter for water. Solar energy water desalination in the united states and.
There are several thoughts that the reader should keep in mind. Proceedings solar energy systemswater pumping and desalination, king abdulaziz city for science and technology, riyadh, saudia arabia, december 1820, pp. Unlike standard solar systems, the xcpc collects both direct and indirect sunlight, allowing for usage across the globe. Water desalination technologies utilizing conventional and. True solar desalination is when you face the challenge of dealing with a variable source of energy like solar. Further, we consider the economics and other practical issues associated with employing solardesalination. Silmuru abb 23, a, 2012 solar desalination important. The unit cost of water produced by ro plant could be reduced by using hybrid solar assisted steam cycle for supplying required shaft power for ro high pressure pump 157. Solar desalination mimics earths natural water cycle and has been practiced by humans since ancient times. A blueprint for 100% solar desalination solarpaces. Overview on solar driven water treatment different approaches for the utilization of solar energy as the prime mover for water treatment processes. Due to the use of solar and wind energy the cost of fuel is not incurred and the energy produced is almost constant and nor variable due to grid connection. The energy use for ro distillation of seawater is given in desware, 2014 to be 3 5.
Khan school of engineering and technology, central queensland university rockhampton, queensland 4702, australia email. The compatibility of each desalination process with the solar technology is driven by whether the kind of energy needed is thermal or electrical, as well as its availability. Solar desalination systems are classifi ed into direct and indirect processes depending on the energy path to fresh water. Recent developments in solar thermal desalination technologies. Harvesting solar energy for desalination and sewage treatment has been considered as a promising solution to produce clean water. Solar desalination technology anil kumar, om prakash. Solar energy used for desalination system sasakura. Citing the recently announced metito plant in saudi arabia, reportedly powered by solar pv, he noted that when night falls, the plant will switch to grid power. We conclude that the direct solardesalination systems using solarthermal collectors appear to be most attractive for optimization of the energyefficiency of solardesalination systems. Renewable energy commonly considered for desalination are solar, wind and geothermal and among these solar energy occupies nearly 57% of renewable energy based desalination market.
Over one billion people lack access to clean water and this technology and neoms pioneering solar desalination project promises to lay the groundwork for a more sustainable global future, where freshwater can be accessible to all. Renewable energypowered desalination could be a key enabler for continued growth. Currently ro is one of the most efficient technologies for desalination and is used in approximately 59% of all desalination systems worldwide widiasa, 2009. Thermal solar energy water desalination is known to be a viable. However, stateoftheart technologies often require optical concentrators and complicated systems with multiple components, leading to poor efficiency and high cost. More specifically, the course will instruct scientists and technicians on the basic principles of desalination using solar energy, the state of the art of the most promising technologies and the experiences acquired so far. Distillation processes account for 77% of the total plant capacity. Solar powered desalination technology, energy and future. Renewable energy powered desalination handbook 1st edition. Work on the first solar dome is expected to be completed by the end of 2020. Despite of high efficiency and long history, mes has not been widely used yet, because of relative high cost. There are two broad categories of desalination technologies. Seawater desalination with solarenergyintegrated vacuum. Solar still, simplest technology for solar desalination.
Plenty of water sources are available on the earth but only 1% of the earths water is in a fresh, liquid state, and nearly all of this is polluted by both pathogens and toxic. Solar thermal technologies for seawater desalination. Special methods and types used in solar desalination are introduced, providing new thoughts, concepts, and feasible solutions in the desalination field, along with the thermal and economic efficiency relating to current technology. This paper presents the different solutions to the most commonly used desalination process ro, msf, med, and solar energy production technology compatible with desalination. Multi effect solar still mes has a stack of multiple layers for evaporation and condensation.
The availability of drinking water is the very important for all. Our advanced optics combined with a heat pump deliver a proven 49% reduction in thermal energy usage in a multieffect distiller med desalination system. Desalination technologies and the use of alternative energies for desalination. This book presents the latest developments and advances in solar desalination technology, including the concept, design, testing, modeling, economics and innovation. The reverse osmosis process receives its pressurized seawater feed in nonsunlight hours by gravity, resulting in sustainable drinking water production without the need for fossil fuels, an electricity grid or batteries. Introduction water is an abundant natural resource, as approximately threequarters of the planet is covered by it. Freshwater from salt water using only solar energy modular, offgrid desalination technology could supply families, towns. Overview of village scale, renewable energy powered. However, the applicability of such materials in a highsalinity environment emphasizing zeroliquiddischarge brine disposal has not been studied. The chapters in this volume are contributed by leading international researchers and are. He is a member of the board of directors of the eds.
Both technologies need energy to operate and produce. Solar energy desalination technology explains how to obtain clean water from sea water using solar energy. Freshwater from salt water using only solar energy. Offgrid solarpowered desalination units use solar energy to fill a buffer tank on a hill with seawater. This book shares the latest developments and advances in solar desalination technology involved in the concept, design, testing, modeling, economics and innovation, with chapters written by reputed international researchers in the solar energy and desalination field. Phillip in recent years, numerous largescale seawater desalination plants have been built in waterstressed countries to augment available water resources, and construction of new desalination plants is. Solarpowered desalination unit, device that transforms salt water into drinking water by converting the suns energy to heat to drive the desalination process. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source due to its ability to drive the more popular thermal desalination systems directly through solar collectors and to drive physical and. The solar desalination funding program will explore novel technologies that use solar thermal energy to assist in creating freshwater from otherwise unusable waters like seawater, brackish water, and contaminated water. Desalination technologies and the use of alternative.
Solar distillation using a solar still is an example of direct solar desalination. Engineering advance solar powered desalination technology, energy and future outlook. Direct solar desalination systems combine solar energy collection and desalination in one process producing fresh water distillate by directly applying collected solar energy to seawater. During world war ii, it was felt that desalination technology desalting as it was called then. The latent heat dissipated during condensation at the front layers are repeatedly recycled for evaporation at the back layers to increase overall desalination productivity. Pdf engineering advance solar powered desalination. Patent landscape report on desalination technologies and the use of alternative energies for desalination a patent landscape report prepared. Solar energy based water desalination system 10 page c hybrid source of energy is used combining wind and solar energy. Energy, technology, and the environment menachem elimelech and william a. Geographic analysis for desalination solar pv energy. Sections cover the different renewable technologies currently used in the field, including solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear desalination. In correspondence about one such proposal, a retired us professor1 wondered whether the devices being considered would lend themselves to solar desalination. An overview of solar thermal desalination technologies.
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